2008 T-2

文章¶

第一段¶

It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the author’s names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.

straightforward → adj. 简单的，易懂的；正直的，坦率的
journal → n. 杂志，期刊，报纸
affiliation → n. 隶属关系，从属
Copyright → n. 版权
rest with ... → 属于 ... ；归于 ...
seek knowledge of ... → ==想要了解 ... ==

第二段¶

No longer. The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it—is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.

funding agencies → 资助机构
agencies → n. 代理；代理处；政府机构（agency 的复数）
restrict access to sth → 限制对某事物的权限
heavy → adj. （心情）沉重的，忧伤的
handsome → adj. 可观的，数量大的；慷慨的；英俊的
signal → v. 标志；表明
scientific endeavor → 科学探索
endeavor → n.努力，尽力

第三段¶

The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.

in part → 在某种程度上；部分地
upon → 等价于 on
distribution → n. 传播，散布；分配，分发
ready → adj. 易于得到的, 方便使用的；准备好的
Association → n. 协会；社团
specialize in ... → 专门从事 ...
some → adv. 大约；稍微

第四段¶

This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.

题目¶

26¶

In the first paragraph, the author discusses

[A] the background information of journal editing. → 主题词不全，不能覆盖全段

[B] the publication routine of laboratory reports. → 不全

[C] the relations of authors with journal publishers. → 并没说到两者之前有关系，强加因果

[D] the traditional process of journal publication.

27¶

Which of the following is true of the OECD report?

[A] It criticizes government-funded research. → 原文质疑的是商业出版商，偷换概念

[B] It introduces an effective means of publication. → 无中生有

[C] It upsets profit-making journal publishers.

[D] It benefits scientific research considerably. → 无中生有

28¶

According to the text, online publication is significant in that

[A] it provides an easier access to scientific results. → 同义改写

[B] it brings huge profits to scientific researchers. → 原文说的是给出版商带来了利润，偷换概念

[C] it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge. → 无中生有

[D] it facilitates public investment in scientific research. → 常识混淆

significant → adj. 显著的，相当数量的；重要的，意义重大的；别有含义的，意味深长的
facilitates → v. 促进；帮助；使……容易（facilitate 的第三人称单数形式）

29¶

With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to

[A] cover the cost of its publication.

[B] subscribe to the journal publishing it.

[C] allow other online journals to use it freely.

[D] complete the peer-review before submission.

30¶

Which of the following best summarizes the text?

[A] The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.

[B] A new mode of publication is emerging.

[C] Authors welcome the new channel for publication.

[D] Publication is rendered easier by online service.

render → v. 使成为，使处于某种状态；给予，提供；渲染

单词记忆¶

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