2008 T-1

文章¶

第一段¶

While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. "Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men," according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.

catch up to sb. → 赶上某人
sphere → n. 范围，领域
way ahead → 遥遥领先，远远在前面
way → adv. （与介词或副词连用）很远；大大地
undesirable → adj. 不受欢迎的，不良的，不想要的
psychiatrist → n. 精神病学家，精神科医生

第二段¶

Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.

hormone → n. 激素，荷尔蒙
trigger → n. 诱因；触发器，扳机
stressed-out → 极度焦虑的；非常紧张疲急的
ovary → n.卵巢
reproductive organ → 生殖器官

第三段¶

Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased "opportunities" for stress. "It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with," says Dr. Yehuda. "Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s," she observes, "it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner."

worn out → 筋疲力尽
visibly → adv. 明显地；易察觉地

第四段¶

Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. "I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating."

chronic → adj. 长期的；慢性的
nature → n. 特性，特点；自然；本质
interpersonal → adj. 人际关系的，人际的
one-shot deal → 次性事件
wear-and-tear → 损耗，磨损
devastating → adj. 毁灭性的

第五段¶

Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. "I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better." Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. "It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt.I lived from paycheck to paycheck."

frustration → n. 挫折，挫败，失意，沮丧
frustrate → v. 失败，受挫

第六段¶

Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.

chronic stresses → 长期压力
obligation → n. 责任，义务
diffuse → v.扩散，四散；传播

题目¶

21¶

Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?

[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.

[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.

[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.

[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress. → 文章介绍的是自发的反应，题目说的是带有主观的倾向性。

22¶

Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women

[A] need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.

[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress.

[C] are more capable of avoiding stress. → 原文并没说避免压力，偷换概念

[D] are exposed to more stress.

23¶

According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be

[A] domestic and temporary.

[B] irregular and violent.

[C] durable and frequent.

[D] trivial and random.

confront → v. 面对，面临；正视，处理；对峙，对抗；对质，当面对证
durable → adj. 持久的，耐用的
trivial → adj. 琐碎的，不重要的；容易解决的，不费吹灰之力的

24¶

The sentence "I lived from paycheck to paycheck." (Line 6, Para. 5) shows that

[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.

[B] Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expenses.

[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.

[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check.

household → n. 家庭，一家人；家务；adj. 家用的，家务的；全家人的；家喻户晓的

25¶

Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?

[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference

[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say

[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress

No Way Out → 无路可走：一种形势或处境,使人无法摆脱困境或解决问题

单词记忆¶

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